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Related Concept Videos

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Crenarchaeota, a prominent phylum of Archaea, is remarkable for its ability to thrive in extreme environments characterized by high temperatures and acidity. These microorganisms inhabit sulfuric hot springs, volcanic systems, and submarine hydrothermal vents, where temperatures often exceed 100°C. The unique adaptations of Crenarchaeota not only allow survival under such extreme conditions but also provide insights into the mechanisms of life in primordial Earth-like...
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Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
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Hyperthermophilic archaea are a group of extremophiles thriving at temperatures above 80°C, often in hydrothermal vents and volcanic soils where conditions surpass the boiling point of water. At such temperatures, proteins, membranes, and DNA in most organisms degrade, but hyperthermophiles have evolved remarkable adaptations to maintain stability and function.Unique Cellular FeaturesHyperthermophilic membranes are composed of a monolayer of biphytanyl tetraether lipids, which resist...
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Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
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Domain Bacteria includes some unique hyperthermophilic species. They exhibit remarkable adaptations that enable survival in extreme environments.Thermotoga species are rod-shaped, gram-negative, non-sporulating hyperthermophiles that form a sheath-like envelope called a toga. They ferment sugars or starch, producing lactate, acetate, CO₂, and H₂, and can also grow via anaerobic respiration using H₂ and ferric iron. Found in hot springs and hydrothermal vents, over 20% of their...
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Microorganisms display remarkable adaptations, enabling them to thrive in diverse ecological niches across a wide range of temperatures. Temperature profoundly influences microbial growth by affecting enzymatic activity, membrane fluidity, and other cellular processes.Each microorganism operates within a specific temperature range defined by three cardinal points: minimum, optimum, and maximum. Below the minimum temperature, membranes lose fluidity, halting transport processes. Above the...
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High physiological function for corals with thermally tolerant, host-adapted symbionts.

Kira E Turnham1, Matthew D Aschaffenburg2, D Tye Pettay3

  • 1Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
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Summary

Coral hosts can partner with multiple algae symbionts, expanding their environmental range. Thermally tolerant symbiont combinations in Pocillopora grandis corals show resilience to rising ocean temperatures.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Symbiosis Research
  • Coral Reef Ecology

Background:

  • Coral-algal symbiosis is crucial for marine ecosystems.
  • Symbiont identity influences coral resilience to environmental changes.
  • Pocillopora grandis in the Eastern Pacific associates with Durusdinium glynnii and Cladocopium latusorum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the functional performance of Pocillopora grandis with different dinoflagellate symbionts.
  • To investigate the impact of symbiont identity on coral thermal tolerance and growth.
  • To understand the ecological implications of host-symbiont flexibility in a changing climate.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of skeletal growth, calcification, and reproductive output.
  • Assessment of physiological responses to thermal stress in different host-symbiont combinations.
  • Phenotypic and functional performance evaluation of Pocillopora grandis with D. glynnii and C. latusorum.

Main Results:

  • Both host-symbiont combinations exhibited similar baseline phenotypes.
  • Significant functional differences were observed under increased temperatures.
  • Corals hosting the thermally tolerant D. glynnii showed negligible physiological differences, challenging growth tradeoff assumptions.

Conclusions:

  • Host-symbiont flexibility enhances niche breadth and resilience.
  • Thermally tolerant symbiont combinations, like Pocillopora grandis with D. glynnii, are poised for ecological expansion.
  • Understanding these mutualisms is vital for predicting coral reef persistence amidst climate change.