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Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
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Chemical Synapses01:26

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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
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Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Persistent post-COVID-19 neuromuscular symptoms.

Rory M C Abrams1, Lan Zhou2, Susan C Shin1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.

Muscle & Nerve
|July 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Persistent neuromuscular symptoms like fatigue and autonomic dysfunction can occur after SARS-CoV-2 infection, impacting quality of life. Small-fiber neuropathy is a potential cause for some long COVID symptoms, but more research is needed for others.

Keywords:
long COVIDmuscle fatiguemyalgianeuromuscular symptomspost-COVID-19 conditionssmall-fiber neuropathy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Neuromuscular symptoms can persist after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.
  • These symptoms may include autonomic dysfunction, sensory issues, and muscle pain, even without acute complications like Guillain-Barré syndrome.
  • These persistent symptoms are often associated with long COVID, significantly affecting patients' quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of persistent post-COVID-19 neuromuscular symptoms.
  • To discuss the evaluation and management strategies for these challenging symptoms.
  • To highlight potential underlying mechanisms, such as small-fiber neuropathy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on post-COVID-19 neuromuscular complications.
  • Analysis of reported symptoms including autonomic, sensory, and muscle-related issues.
  • Examination of potential etiological factors and diagnostic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Small-fiber neuropathy is identified as a potential cause of autonomic dysfunction and paresthesia in some long COVID patients.
  • Mechanisms for myalgia and fatigue in long COVID remain unclear and require further investigation.
  • A range of neuromuscular symptoms can persist post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, necessitating specific management strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent neuromuscular symptoms are a significant concern in long COVID patients.
  • Small-fiber neuropathy offers a potential explanation for certain autonomic symptoms.
  • Further research is crucial to elucidate the pathophysiology of myalgia and fatigue and to optimize patient management.