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Evolution and disease.

Leonardo Viniegra-Velázquez1

  • 1Departamento de Investigación Educativa, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Basada en Evidencias, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México.

Boletin Medico Del Hospital Infantil De Mexico
|July 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Evolutionary medicine

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary medicine
  • Human ecology
  • Philosophy of science

Background:

  • The essay critiques the uncritical application of evolutionary theory in Darwinian medicine.
  • It highlights the historical shift from a physicochemical to a biological order, and subsequently to a human cultural order.
  • The current cultural order, driven by human activity, is presented as detrimental to planetary and human well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To question the explanatory power of evolutionary medicine for diseases.
  • To propose that the root of modern health issues lies in the human cultural order, not solely evolutionary processes.
  • To re-evaluate the concept of adaptation within biological versus cultural contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Philosophical critique of evolutionary medicine.
Keywords:
Actividades vitales básicasAdaptaciónAdaptationAnticipaciónAnticipationBasic vital activitiesBiological orderCultural orderEvolutionary medicineMedicina evolutivaOrden biológicoOrden cultural

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  • Analysis of the historical interplay between physicochemical, biological, and cultural orders.
  • Conceptual redefinition of adaptation.

    • Main Results:

    • Evolutionary theory inadequately explains diseases by overlooking the transition to a biological and then cultural order.
    • Human adaptation is a concept misapplied from biological systems to the stressful environments created by the cultural order.
    • Chronic diseases are linked to disharmony within the human cultural order, characterized by conflict and environmental devastation.

    Conclusions:

    • Darwinian medicine's adherence to evolutionary theory is insufficient for understanding disease etiology.
    • The human cultural order, with its imposed stresses and environmental impact, is the primary driver of contemporary health challenges.
    • Addressing chronic diseases requires confronting the destructive aspects of human culture, including conflict and unsustainable economic values.