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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

44.5K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Multi-unit Recording Methods to Characterize Neural Activity in the Locust Schistocerca Americana Olfactory Circuits
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Spatial odor map formation, development, and possible function in a nocturnal insect.

Hiroshi Nishino1

  • 1Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.

Current Opinion in Insect Science
|July 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

American cockroaches use a unique unilateral odor sampling method with their antennae to detect pheromone sources. This relies on an antennotopic map within the olfactory system for precise odor localization.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Olfactory Systems
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Odor plumes consist of filamentous structures and clean air, requiring spatial and temporal detection by animals.
  • Bilateral comparison using paired olfactory organs is a common method for plume feature detection.
  • American cockroaches exhibit unilateral odor sampling, using a single antenna for pheromone source localization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the neuronal basis of receptive field formation and development in the cockroach olfactory system.
  • To explain how the antennotopic map is utilized for odor localization by projection neurons.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on olfactory sensory neuron projections and antennotopic mapping.
  • Analysis of projection neuron utilization of spatial maps within glomeruli.

Main Results:

  • Cockroach olfactory sensory neurons exhibit an antennotopic map, with proximo-distal positioning correlating to axon terminal locations in glomeruli.
  • Projection neurons within the pheromone-receptive glomerulus leverage this intraglomerular spatial map.
  • This map is crucial for the cockroach's ability to perform unilateral odor sampling and locate pheromone sources.

Conclusions:

  • The antennotopic map provides a neuronal substrate for precise odor localization in American cockroaches.
  • Unilateral odor sampling in cockroaches is enabled by the sophisticated organization and utilization of olfactory spatial maps.