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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
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RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
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RNA polymerase II associates with active genes during DNA replication.

Tyler K Fenstermaker1, Svetlana Petruk1, Sina K Kovermann2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

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|July 19, 2023
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This summary is machine-generated.

RNA polymerase II (Pol II) rapidly re-associates with active genes immediately after DNA replication, resuming transcription without needing epigenetic marks. This suggests Pol II remains near DNA during replication.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Transcriptional machinery is thought to detach during DNA replication.
  • Epigenetic marks are believed to maintain transcriptional memory and rebuild chromatin.
  • RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is thought to be recruited after chromatin rebuilding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate when and how Pol II is recruited back to daughter DNA strands.
  • To understand the transition from DNA replication to transcription resumption.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation of Pol II behavior post-replication fork passage.
  • Analysis of Pol II complex association with nascent DNA strands.

Main Results:

  • Pol II, with transcription proteins and immature RNA, re-associates with active genes on both leading and lagging strands immediately after replication.
  • Transcription rapidly resumes on nascent DNA.
  • A Pol II-PCNA interaction may retain the transcription complex near DNA.

Conclusions:

  • The transcriptionally active Pol II complex may remain in close proximity to DNA during replication.
  • Epigenetic marks might not be essential for recruiting Pol II to newly synthesized DNA.
  • Findings challenge the established model of transcription-replication coupling.