Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.1K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.1K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.0K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.0K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.1K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.1K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

1.5K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
1.5K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

960
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
960
Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram01:25

Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram

751
Luminescence, the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed energy, is a process that involves the interaction of molecules with light. The energy-level diagram, or Jablonski diagram, is a graphical representation of these interactions, illustrating the various states and transitions a molecule can undergo. In a typical Jablonski diagram, the lowest horizontal line represents the ground-state energy of the molecule, which is usually a singlet state. This state represents the energies...
751

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Infrared Spectroelectrochemical Insights into Rhenium-Based Supramolecular Assemblies for Electron Storage and Transfer.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Lattice-Directed Spin-Vibronic Coherence-Mediated Ultrafast Intersystem Crossing in Crystalline Diplatinum Complex.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Tracking Optical Phonon Dynamics in InP Nanocrystals via Transient Absorption and Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Syngas Production at Si Hybrid Photoelectrodes Modified with Re(I) and Mn(I) Tricarbonyl Phenanthroline Complexes Containing Reactive Aryl Azide Groups.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Near-Infrared Photoluminescence from Spin-Flip Excited States of π-Conjugated Tris(quinolinolate) Chromium(III) Complexes.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Hot-Carrier Injection and Millisecond Charge Separation from a Robust Heteroleptic Iron(II) Chromophore Immobilized on TiO<sub>2</sub>.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
12:57

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection

Published on: October 13, 2017

9.2K

Spin-vibronic coherence drives singlet-triplet conversion.

Shahnawaz R Rather1, Nicholas P Weingartz1,2, Sarah Kromer3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.

Nature
|July 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers used coherence spectroscopy to observe spin-vibronic mechanisms in platinum complexes. This reveals how molecular vibrations control spin conversion, enabling new designs for excited-state properties.

More Related Videos

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
15:58

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

5.8K
Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

10.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
12:57

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection

Published on: October 13, 2017

9.2K
Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
15:58

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

5.8K
Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

10.0K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular and Materials Chemistry
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Controlling transitions between electronic states with different spin multiplicities is crucial in chemistry.
  • The spin-vibronic effect, a combination of spin-orbit and vibronic coupling, can accelerate forbidden transitions.
  • Experimental identification of the spin-vibronic mechanism has been challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally reveal the interplay of spin, electronic, and vibrational dynamics in singlet-triplet conversion.
  • To investigate the spin-vibronic mechanism in dinuclear Pt(II) metal-metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MMLCT) complexes.
  • To demonstrate the use of vibronic coherences as probes for spin-conversion processes.

Main Methods:

  • Coherence spectroscopy experiments were performed on four related dinuclear Pt(II) MMLCT complexes.
  • Photoexcitation was used to induce Pt-Pt bond formation and launch a vibrational wavepacket.
  • Decoherence and recoherence dynamics of the wavepacket were analyzed to resolve the spin-vibronic mechanism.

Main Results:

  • The study identified precise experimental manifestations of the spin-vibronic mechanism driving singlet-triplet conversion.
  • Vectorial motion along Pt-Pt stretching coordinates was found to tune energy gaps towards conical intersections.
  • This motion drives the formation of the lowest stable triplet state in a ratcheting manner.

Conclusions:

  • Vibronic coherences can serve as effective probes to elucidate spin-conversion dynamics.
  • The findings demonstrate molecular-structure-dependent control over spin-conversion pathways.
  • This work provides insights for designing new materials with tailored excited-state properties.