Recent advancements in flat plate solar collector using phase change materials and nanofluid: a review

Solar energy has emerged as one of the most promising sources of renewable energy to replace the current energy market. Flat plate solar collectors (FPSC) not only are one of the easiest collectors to produce and work with but also are cheap and economical. Due to this, extensive research has been done on FPSC to improve its efficiency and reliability. Some of the methods include using nanofluids to improve the heat transfer process, phase change materials to increase and maintain stable temperatures, or integrating the collector with additional components. This review article focuses on analyzing the recent improvements in FPSC, with a particular emphasis on the achieved efficiencies and temperatures in the studies. Additionally, it is aimed at updating the information in the current field, providing a comprehensive overview of the advancements in FPSC technology. Furthermore, the article explores the combined effects of nanofluids and phase change materials in photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) collectors, considering the resulting temperature enhancements. By critically evaluating the efficiency improvements and temperatures achieved through these approaches, this article is aimed at providing valuable insights into the state-of-the-art of FPSC and their potential for advancing solar energy utilization.