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Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate...

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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...

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Epidemiology And Risk Factors Of Chronic Kidney Disease In Rural Areas 4 (Badin) Of Sind, Pakistan.

Shahnawaz Kareem¹, Asifa Jamali¹, Salam Ali²

¹Department of Medicine, The Indus Hospital Health Network, Civil Hospital, Badin, Pakistan.

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

|July 20, 2023

Summary

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in rural Pakistan is frequently caused by unknown factors and kidney stones. Hypertension and diabetes are common co-occurring conditions in CKD patients.

Keywords:

Chronic kidney disease, Agricultural communities, Developing country, Kidney stone, Unknown aetiology.

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Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Epidemiology
Public Health

Background:

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant health burden globally.
Understanding the epidemiology of CKD in rural settings is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the prevalence and causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) within a rural Pakistani population.
To identify associated comorbidities and risk factors for CKD in this demographic.

Main Methods:

A retrospective study analyzing data from 348 patients who visited a nephrology clinic in Badin, Sindh, Pakistan.
Data collected from July 2019 to July 2020 using the institutional health management information system.
Statistical analysis performed using SPSS 21.

Main Results:

Males constituted 52.9% of the 348 patients, with a mean age of 40.4 years.
Obstructive nephropathy (31%) and unknown aetiology (22.7%) were the leading causes of CKD.
Hypertension (30.5%) and diabetes (16.1%) were the most common comorbidities; 24.6% had kidney stones.

Conclusions:

Unknown aetiology and kidney stones are primary drivers of CKD in the studied rural population.
Age demonstrated a strong association with CKD (p<0.001).
Glomerular filtration rate was significantly linked to the cause of CKD (p<0.001).