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A High Throughput, Multiplexed and Targeted Proteomic CSF Assay to Quantify Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Status

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Published on: October 20, 2016

Protein biomarkers in multiple sclerosis.

Jun-Soon Kim^1,2

¹Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.

Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea)

|July 20, 2023

Summary

This review identifies key protein biomarkers in blood and cerebrospinal fluid for early multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis, disease activity prediction, and treatment monitoring. Neurofilament proteins and chitinase-3-like protein 1 show significant potential for MS management.

Keywords:

Biomarkers Cerebrospinal fluid Intermediate filaments Multiple sclerosis

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Biochemistry
Biomarker Discovery

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis and management require reliable biomarkers.
Current diagnostic and prognostic tools for MS have limitations.
Protein biomarkers in body fluids offer potential for improved MS patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and elucidate protein biomarkers in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for MS.
To identify biomarkers for early diagnosis, disease activity prediction, and treatment response monitoring in MS.
To assess the roles of specific proteins including neurofilament proteins (NFs), GFAP, leptin, BDNF, CHI3L1, CXCL13, and OPN in MS.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of scientific literature on protein biomarkers in MS.
Analysis of studies investigating neurofilament proteins (NFs), GFAP, leptin, BDNF, CHI3L1, CXCL13, and OPN.
Evaluation of biomarker levels in MS patients versus control groups and correlation with disease parameters.

Main Results:

Elevated levels of GFAP, leptin, and CHI3L1 were observed in MS patients compared to controls.
Neurofilament proteins (NFs) show strong correlations with MS disease activity, progression, and treatment outcomes.
CHI3L1 in blood/CSF predicts conversion from clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) to definite MS; CXCL13 reflects MS disease activity.

Conclusions:

Several protein biomarkers, including NFs and CHI3L1, show promise for early MS diagnosis and prognosis.
GFAP, leptin, BDNF, CHI3L1, CXCL13, and OPN each play distinct roles in MS pathophysiology and progression.
Further research is needed to identify highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for routine clinical use in MS management.