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Published on: February 5, 2020
Biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitor response and toxicity: Challenges and opportunities
Rachel S Goodman1, Seungyeon Jung1, Justin M Balko2
1Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Abstract:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have transformed cancer therapy, but their optimal use is still constrained by lack of response and toxicity. Biomarkers of response may facilitate drug development by allowing appropriate therapy selection and focusing clinical trial enrollment. However, aside from PD-L1 staining in a subset of tumors and rarely mismatch repair deficiency, no biomarkers are routinely used in the clinic. In addition, severe toxicities may cause severe morbidity, therapy discontinuation, and even death. Here, we review the state of the field with a focus on our research in therapeutic biomarkers and toxicities from immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Insights
Immune checkpoint inhibitors offer new cancer treatments, but predicting response and managing side effects remain challenging. Research focuses on biomarkers to improve therapy selection and reduce toxicity.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment.
- However, patient response to ICIs is variable, and severe toxicities can occur.
- Currently, limited biomarkers, such as PD-L1 and mismatch repair deficiency, are used clinically.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current landscape of biomarkers for predicting response to ICIs.
- To discuss the management of toxicities associated with ICI therapy.
- To highlight research advancements in therapeutic biomarkers and ICI-related toxicities.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current research on ICI biomarkers and toxicities.
- Focus on specific research findings related to predictive biomarkers.
- Analysis of mechanisms and clinical implications of ICI-induced toxicities.
Main Results:
- Few reliable biomarkers currently exist for routine clinical use.
- Significant research is ongoing to identify novel predictive biomarkers.
- Understanding and managing ICI-related toxicities is crucial for patient safety.
Conclusions:
- Development of robust biomarkers is essential for optimizing ICI therapy.
- Further research is needed to improve patient selection and minimize adverse events.
- Personalized approaches incorporating biomarkers and toxicity management are key to advancing cancer immunotherapy.
