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Acute aortic occlusion--a multifaceted catastrophe.

F N Littooy, W H Baker

    Journal of Vascular Surgery
    |September 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Prompt diagnosis and revascularization are crucial for acute aortic occlusion, a condition threatening life and limb. Simplest operations decrease high morbidity and mortality rates in patients with cardiac emboli or aortoiliac disease.

    Area of Science:

    • Vascular Surgery
    • Cardiovascular Medicine
    • Emergency Medicine

    Background:

    • Acute aortic occlusion is a critical vascular emergency.
    • It presents with diverse etiologies, including cardiac emboli and aortoiliac occlusive disease.
    • High rates of morbidity and mortality are associated with delayed treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze outcomes of patients with acute aortic occlusion.
    • To compare results between patients with cardiac emboli versus aortoiliac occlusive disease.
    • To identify factors influencing perioperative mortality and complications.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of 18 patients with acute aortic occlusion (1977-1985).
    • Patients categorized into Group I (cardiac emboli) and Group II (aortoiliac occlusive disease).

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  • Surgical interventions included embolectomy, thrombectomy, and bypass procedures.

    • Main Results:

    • Perioperative mortality was 40% in Group I and 62.5% in Group II.
    • Average time to revascularization was 18 hours, with significant differences between groups.
    • Common complications included renal failure (11 patients) and compartment syndrome (9 patients).
    • No amputations were needed in survivors; limb function was restored in most.

    Conclusions:

    • Acute aortic occlusion necessitates urgent diagnosis and intervention.
    • The choice of surgical approach impacts outcomes.
    • Simplifying surgical procedures may reduce morbidity and mortality in this high-risk patient population.