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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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An extra year of secondary schooling significantly boosted working memory in adults. This educational improvement influenced later career choices, suggesting a link between education and cognitive function through occupation.

Keywords:
AgingCognitionEducationHealth behaviorsOccupation

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Economics of Education
  • Longitudinal Studies

Background:

  • The long-term impact of additional secondary schooling on cognitive abilities remains an area of active research.
  • Understanding the causal relationship between educational attainment and cognitive function is crucial for policy development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the lasting causal effects of an additional year of secondary education on cognitive function in adulthood.
  • To investigate the potential mechanisms, such as occupational choice, linking education to cognitive outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Understanding Society, a large UK longitudinal household study.
  • Employed a fuzzy regression discontinuity design exploiting the 1972 UK school-leaving age reform (raising from 15 to 16).
  • Measured cognitive function (working memory, verbal fluency, numeric ability) in participants aged 48-60.

Main Results:

  • Remaining in school until age 16 significantly improved working memory by 0.33 to 0.5 standard deviations.
  • Limited causal effects were observed for verbal fluency and numeric ability.
  • Significant effects were found on immediate and later-life occupational choices, supporting the occupation choice mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • An additional year of secondary schooling has a substantial positive and lasting causal effect on working memory.
  • Educational attainment appears to influence cognitive function through occupational pathways.
  • Findings highlight the enduring benefits of basic education on cognitive capital and career trajectories.