The anterior point of reference

Three points in space determine the position of the maxillary cast in an articulator. The dentist is most frequently concerned with selecting the posterior two of the three reference points. In addition, the dentist will, either consciously or unknowingly, select the anterior of these points of reference. This decision will affect the development of occlusion and esthetics. The dentist and the auxiliaries must share a common objective in using an anterior point of reference. Five commonly used anterior points of reference and the reasons for the use of each have been discussed.