Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

3.2K
In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
3.2K
Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of β-Ketoacids01:02

Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of β-Ketoacids

3.2K
Carboxylic acids, upon heating, undergo a decarboxylation reaction by releasing carbon dioxide gas. Monocarboxylic acids do not undergo decarboxylation easily. However, a silver salt of carboxylic acid reacts with bromine or iodine under high temperature to release carbon dioxide gas and forms halide with one less carbon. This reaction is called the Hunsdiecker reaction.
3.2K
Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

Oxidation of Alcohols

13.3K
In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
13.3K
Oxidations of Aldehydes and Ketones to Carboxylic Acids01:15

Oxidations of Aldehydes and Ketones to Carboxylic Acids

4.0K
Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones results in the formation of carboxylic acids. Aldehydes, bearing hydrogen next to the carbonyl group, are easily oxidized compared to ketones. This is because an aldehydic proton can easily be abstracted during oxidation.
Aldehydes readily undergo oxidation in strong oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate and chromic acid. The oxidation can also be carried out using mild oxidizing agents such as silver oxide. In fact, aldehydes can be easily oxidized...
4.0K
Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

2.2K
The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
2.2K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

7.6K
During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
7.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ammonia pressure controls colloidal metal nitride synthesis in molten salts.

Nature·2026
Same author

Self-Organized Nanoplasmonic Artificial Leaf for Hot-Carrier Bioelectronic Interfaces.

Nature photonics·2026
Same author

2D Semiconductor Nanosheets Supported on Colloidal Quantum Cubes.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Atomic Alignment in PbS Nanocrystal Superlattices with Compact Inorganic Ligands via Reversible Oriented Attachment of Nanocrystals.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Tracking Optical Phonon Dynamics in InP Nanocrystals via Transient Absorption and Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Enamel nanocrystal misorientation increased with meat-eating and agriculture.

Nature·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 22, 2025

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation
09:58

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation

Published on: May 22, 2016

11.7K

Common Photo-oxidative Decarboxylation Mechanism in Iron Hydroxy Carboxylate Complexes.

Claresta Joe-Wong1, Richard D Schaller2, Benjamin Gilbert1

  • 1Energy Geoscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|July 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Iron(III) complexed with carboxylates undergoes rapid photochemical oxidation, releasing carbon dioxide. This study shows similar reaction mechanisms and kinetics for ferrioxalate, Fe(III)-citrate, and Fe(III)-salicylate, crucial for understanding aquatic carbon cycling.

More Related Videos

Monitoring the Reductive and Oxidative Half-Reactions of a Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase using Stopped-Flow Spectrophotometry
12:08

Monitoring the Reductive and Oxidative Half-Reactions of a Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase using Stopped-Flow Spectrophotometry

Published on: March 18, 2012

15.2K
Preparation of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one Derivatives via Tricarbonyltroponeiron
07:56

Preparation of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one Derivatives via Tricarbonyltroponeiron

Published on: August 12, 2019

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 22, 2025

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation
09:58

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation

Published on: May 22, 2016

11.7K
Monitoring the Reductive and Oxidative Half-Reactions of a Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase using Stopped-Flow Spectrophotometry
12:08

Monitoring the Reductive and Oxidative Half-Reactions of a Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase using Stopped-Flow Spectrophotometry

Published on: March 18, 2012

15.2K
Preparation of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one Derivatives via Tricarbonyltroponeiron
07:56

Preparation of 6-aminocyclohepta-2,4-dien-1-one Derivatives via Tricarbonyltroponeiron

Published on: August 12, 2019

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Photochemistry
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Dissolved organic matter photochemical oxidation is vital for aquatic carbon cycling.
  • Iron(III) complexation enhances carboxylate group photosensitization and photodecarboxylation.
  • The ferrioxalate photo-oxidation mechanism is known, but less is understood for complex carboxylates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the photo-oxidation kinetics and mechanisms of iron(III)-citrate and iron(III)-salicylate complexes.
  • To compare these mechanisms with the well-characterized ferrioxalate system.
  • To elucidate the commonalities in photodecarboxylation pathways for iron hydroxy carboxylates.

Main Methods:

  • Time-resolved infrared spectroscopy was employed to monitor reaction dynamics.
  • Kinetic analysis was performed on the photo-oxidation of different iron(III)-carboxylate complexes.
  • Comparison of short-time-scale (picosecond) CO2 yield with long-time-scale Fe(II) quantum yields.

Main Results:

  • Fe(III)-citrate (aliphatic) and Fe(III)-salicylate (aromatic) exhibit identical photo-oxidation kinetics to ferrioxalate.
  • The data indicate a shared decarboxylation mechanism across these iron(III)-carboxylate systems.
  • Early CO2 yield differences correlate with established long-time-scale Fe(II) production quantum yields.

Conclusions:

  • A common photochemical decarboxylation mechanism exists for iron(III) complexed with various carboxylates.
  • This finding has significant implications for understanding carbon cycling in sunlit surface waters.
  • The study highlights the role of iron in mediating the photochemical fate of organic matter.