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Planning ahead: Predictable switching recruits task-active and resting-state networks.

Danielle L Kurtin1,2, Garazi Araña-Oiarbide2, Romy Lorenz3,4,5

  • 1NeuroModulation Lab, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.

Human Brain Mapping
|July 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Switching tasks incurs performance costs, but predictable sequences may engage the default mode network (DMN) with the multiple demand cortex (MDC) to improve accuracy.

Keywords:
default mode networkfMRIfunctional connectivitymultiple demand networkmutual informationswitchingtemporal predictability

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Human Brain Function

Background:

  • Task switching is a complex cognitive process associated with performance costs, including slower reaction times and reduced accuracy.
  • Neural correlates of switching involve the multiple demand cortex (MDC) and sometimes the default mode network (DMN).
  • The precise role of the DMN during task switching remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the default mode network (DMN) in cognitive switching.
  • To examine how varying levels of predictability influence brain activity and functional connectivity during task switching.
  • To elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying the attenuation of switching costs.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected from 24 participants performing a task-switching paradigm.
  • The paradigm manipulated predictability across sequential, perceptual, and spatial dimensions.
  • Analysis involved computing activity maps for switch vs. stay trials and evaluating functional connectivity using pairwise mutual information functional connectivity (miFC).

Main Results:

  • Switch trials showed increased reaction times and broader neural recruitment, including the DMN, MDC, and other task-positive networks.
  • Increased sequential predictability improved task accuracy and modulated activity in somatomotor and salience/ventral attention networks.
  • Changes in sequential and perceptual predictability, but not spatial, significantly affected miFC, with sequential predictability increasing connectivity between several key brain networks.

Conclusions:

  • The DMN's engagement during task switching, particularly with increased sequential predictability, suggests a role in executive function.
  • Increased miFC between the DMN and MDC under sequential predictability indicates coordinated activity.
  • The DMN may contribute to executive task performance by generating temporal schemas of upcoming events, thereby reducing switching costs.