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Related Concept Videos

Insomnia01:27

Insomnia

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Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
Multiple factors contribute...
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Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

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The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

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Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
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Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
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Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

581
The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
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Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
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Updated: Jul 22, 2025

Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Shugan Jieyu Capsules for the Treatment of Insomnia
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Hormonal contraception use and insomnia: A nested case-control study.

Timo Partonen1, Elena Toffol2, Antti Latvala3

  • 1Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.

Sleep Medicine
|July 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hormonal contraception use shows varied insomnia risk. Some methods decrease insomnia risk, while others, particularly in younger women, increase it, suggesting product-specific effects.

Keywords:
DiagnosisEstrogenPopulationPrescriptionPrimary careProgestogenSleep

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Pharmacovigilance

Background:

  • Limited evidence exists on the association between hormonal contraception and insomnia.
  • Understanding this relationship is crucial for reproductive health and sleep quality management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between hormonal contraception use and the occurrence of insomnia.
  • To identify if specific hormonal contraceptive products have differential effects on insomnia risk.

Main Methods:

  • Nested case-control study design utilizing nationwide health care registry data.
  • Involved a large sample of women aged 15-49 years, comparing users and non-users of hormonal contraception.
  • Follow-up period of two years with analysis of new insomnia cases.

Main Results:

  • Significant associations between hormonal contraception and insomnia were observed primarily in women aged 34 years or younger.
  • Specific hormonal contraceptives showed differing effects: drospirenone/ethinylestradiol and cyproterone/ethinylestradiol were associated with decreased insomnia odds.
  • Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices and etonogestrel/ethinylestradiol vaginal rings were associated with increased insomnia odds compared to non-users.

Conclusions:

  • Different hormonal contraceptive products exhibit differential associations with insomnia occurrence.
  • The findings highlight the importance of considering specific contraceptive formulations when assessing sleep-related side effects, particularly in younger women.