Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

52.4K
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
52.4K
CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

65
The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
65
CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

17.1K
Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
17.1K
The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

59
CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
59
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

14.6K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
14.6K
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

6.9K
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
6.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Isolation and Validation of Podoplanin-positive Mesenchymal Stem Cell Subpopulations Using an Indirect Magnetic Bead Strategy.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2026
Same author

Antibiotic factories on the move: Synthetic bacteria survive drinking water treatment and continuously produce antibiotics.

Water research·2026
Same author

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding chronic atrophic gastritis in gastroenterology outpatient patients.

BMC public health·2026
Same author

Rewiring Amino Acid Flux for Efficient Transglutaminase Production in <i>Streptomyces mobaraensis</i>.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·2026
Same author

ATAD2 suppresses senescence and SASP via SIRT7-p53/p21 to drive progression and immune evasion in endometrial cancer.

Clinical epigenetics·2026
Same author

Biosynthesis and Glycosylation of Antarlides, the Polyene Macrolides Possessing Androgen Receptor Antagonistic Activity.

ACS chemical biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 22, 2025

Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells
11:35

Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2017

12.6K

Insertion sequence transposition inactivates CRISPR-Cas immunity.

Yong Sheng1, Hengyu Wang1, Yixin Ou1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China.

Nature Communications
|July 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Insertion sequences (ISs) can inactivate CRISPR-Cas immunity in prokaryotes by inserting into cas genes. This study shows ISs can overcome bacterial defenses, increasing susceptibility to foreign DNA.

More Related Videos

Electroporation-Based CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Gene Knockout in THP-1 Cells and Single-Cell Clone Isolation
09:29

Electroporation-Based CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Gene Knockout in THP-1 Cells and Single-Cell Clone Isolation

Published on: February 28, 2025

1.1K
Construction of Homozygous Mutants of Migratory Locust Using CRISPR/Cas9 Technology
10:07

Construction of Homozygous Mutants of Migratory Locust Using CRISPR/Cas9 Technology

Published on: March 16, 2022

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 22, 2025

Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells
11:35

Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2017

12.6K
Electroporation-Based CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Gene Knockout in THP-1 Cells and Single-Cell Clone Isolation
09:29

Electroporation-Based CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Gene Knockout in THP-1 Cells and Single-Cell Clone Isolation

Published on: February 28, 2025

1.1K
Construction of Homozygous Mutants of Migratory Locust Using CRISPR/Cas9 Technology
10:07

Construction of Homozygous Mutants of Migratory Locust Using CRISPR/Cas9 Technology

Published on: March 16, 2022

2.1K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive immunity against mobile genetic elements in prokaryotes.
  • Insertion sequences (ISs) are mobile genetic elements capable of genomic rearrangement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the natural transposition of ISs into CRISPR-Cas defense genes.
  • To assess the impact of IS insertion on CRISPR-Cas functionality and bacterial defense.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of prokaryotic genomic sequences for IS insertions into cas genes.
  • Development of an IS-trapping system in Escherichia coli with inducible cas nuclease and various ISs.
  • Monitoring IS insertions into cas genes under induced double-strand DNA breakage.

Main Results:

  • Natural transpositions of ISs into cas genes were identified, leading to inactivation of CRISPR-Cas defenses.
  • IS1 and IS10 showed relaxed target specificity, frequently inserting into cas genes.
  • IS transposition into cas genes occurred despite DNA repair machinery and affected other host defense systems.

Conclusions:

  • ISs can actively counteract CRISPR-Cas immunity in prokaryotes.
  • IS-mediated inactivation of CRISPR-Cas enhances bacterial susceptibility to foreign DNA invasion.
  • This highlights a novel mechanism of bacterial immune evasion by mobile genetic elements.