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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 22, 2025

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
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Compact and efficient 1064 nm up-conversion atmospheric lidar.

Qianyuan Chen, Song Mao, Zhenping Yin

    Optics Express
    |July 21, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study enhances atmospheric aerosol lidar by using up-conversion techniques to boost photon detection efficiency. This improves aerosol detection range and performance, even in noisy daytime conditions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric Science
    • Optical Engineering
    • Photonics

    Background:

    • Atmospheric aerosol lidar at 1064 nm offers low relative error due to sufficient molecular signals for calibration.
    • Silicon avalanche photodiode detectors have limited quantum efficiency (~2%) for 1064 nm photons.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To improve the quantum efficiency of 1064 nm photon detection in atmospheric lidar.
    • To enhance the performance and detection range of atmospheric aerosol lidar systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a model to simulate lidar signals and quantify retrieval errors.
    • Employed up-conversion techniques to convert 1064 nm photons to 631 nm photons.
    • Optimized pump laser power and waveguide temperature for efficient photon conversion and detection.

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    Last Updated: Jul 22, 2025

    Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
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    Main Results:

    • Achieved up to 18.8% detection efficiency at 631 nm, a significant improvement over 2% at 1064 nm.
    • Designed a robust up-conversion atmospheric lidar with a fiber-coupled optical path and 50 mm telescope.
    • Enabled aerosol detection up to 25 km range (8.6 km altitude) with low laser pulse energy (110 µJ).

    Conclusions:

    • Up-conversion single photon detectors significantly outperform silicon avalanche photodiodes for lidar echo signal detection.
    • The enhanced lidar system demonstrates superior performance, especially in detecting weak signals amidst strong background noise during daytime.