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Design of prism coupling structure for liquid crystal cladding waveguide beam steerer.

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This study introduces an advanced prism coupling analysis for liquid crystal (LC) cladding waveguides, achieving 91% coupling efficiency. The method accurately predicts performance for beam steering applications.

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Materials Science

Background:

Liquid crystal (LC) cladding waveguides are crucial for beam steering.
Accurate analysis of coupling structures is essential for device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an extended prism coupling analysis method for LC cladding waveguides.
To investigate the impact of LC anisotropy on transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) mode coupling.
To design and validate an optimal and simplified coupling structure for Gaussian beam steering.

Main Methods:

Derivation of optical field distribution expressions for perfect matching.
Analysis of liquid crystal anisotropy effects on mode coupling.
Numerical simulations and experimental validation of a simplified coupling structure.

Main Results:

Achieved a coupling efficiency of 91%.
Measured a coupling angle full width at half maximum (FWHM) of approximately ±0.02°.
Demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed analysis method for anisotropic waveguides.

Conclusions:

The extended prism coupling analysis method accurately predicts performance.
The proposed simplified coupling structure is effective for practical applications.
This work advances the design and implementation of LC waveguide beam steerers.