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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

960
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
960
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.1K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.1K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.0K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.0K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.1K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.1K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

1.5K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
1.5K

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Related Experiment Video

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Preparation of Extracellular Matrix Protein Fibers for Brillouin Spectroscopy
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Spin-orbit interaction in nanofiber-based Brillouin scattering.

Maxime Zerbib, Maxime Romanet, Thibaut Sylvestre

    Optics Express
    |July 21, 2023
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    Summary

    We explored spin-orbit interaction between light and sound in optical nanofibers. Circularly polarized light interacting with acoustic vortex waves resulted in a reversed circular polarization of the backscattered signal.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Acoustics
    • Condensed Matter Physics

    Background:

    • Angular momentum is crucial for light-matter interactions like spin-orbit interaction.
    • Optical nanofibers provide a platform for studying these interactions due to their waveguiding properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate the spin-orbit interaction between circularly polarized light and transverse vortex acoustic waves.
    • Analyze the polarization state of Brillouin backscattering induced by acoustic vortex modes.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical investigation using a full-vectorial model.
    • Experimental study employing Brillouin backscattering in a silica optical nanofiber.
    • Characterization of acoustic vortex modes, specifically the TR21 torso-radial mode.

    Main Results:

    • Observed two operating regimes for Brillouin backscattering: depolarized and circularly polarized signals.
    • Demonstrated that the input pump polarization dictates the output signal's polarization state.
    • Showcased a handedness reversal of circular polarization in the backscattered signal when the pump is circularly polarized.

    Conclusions:

    • Opto-acoustic spin-orbit interaction in optical nanofibers leads to polarization changes.
    • Conservation of overall angular momentum governs the observed handedness reversal.
    • This study offers insights into controlling light polarization using acoustic waves.