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Updated: Jul 22, 2025

In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data
Published on: April 18, 2019
Finite element brain deformation in adolescent soccer heading
Colin M Huber1,2, Declan A Patton2, Jalaj Maheshwari2
1Department of Bioengineeing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Abstract:
Finite element (FE) modeling provides a means to examine how global kinematics of repetitive head loading in sports influences tissue level injury metrics. FE simulations of controlled soccer headers in two directions were completed using a human head FE model to estimate biomechanical loading on the brain by direction. Overall, headers were associated with 95th percentile peak maximum principal strains up to 0.07 and von Mises stresses up to 1450 Pa, and oblique headers trended toward higher values than frontal headers but below typical injury levels. These quantitative data provide insight into repetitive loading effects on the brain.
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