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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
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Performing In Vivo and Ex Vivo Electrical Impedance Myography in Rodents
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Combining electromyography and Raman spectroscopy: optical EMG.

James J P Alix1,2, Maria Plesia1, Pamela J Shaw1,2

  • 1Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.

Muscle & Nerve
|July 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Optical EMG combines electrophysiology and Raman spectroscopy in a single needle, offering a new biomarker for neuromuscular diseases. This technique successfully differentiated between healthy and diseased muscle in a mouse model.

Keywords:
ALSEMGRaman spectroscopybiomarkermuscleoptical EMG

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Area of Science:

  • Neuromuscular disease diagnostics
  • Biomolecular spectroscopy
  • Medical instrumentation

Background:

  • Electromyography (EMG) is crucial for diagnosing neuromuscular disorders but lacks molecular insights.
  • Raman spectroscopy offers specific molecular fingerprints of tissues, emerging as a potential biomarker.
  • A combined approach could enhance diagnostic capabilities for muscle diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate "optical EMG," a novel technique combining EMG and Raman spectroscopy.
  • To assess the feasibility of using a single needle for simultaneous electrophysiological and molecular data acquisition.
  • To evaluate optical EMG's potential as a biomarker in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Main Methods:

  • Developed a specialized needle capable of collecting both electrophysiological and Raman spectroscopic data.
  • Conducted in vivo experiments on SOD1G93A transgenic mice (model of ALS) and non-transgenic controls.
  • Recorded compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs), spontaneous EMG activity, and Raman spectra from gastrocnemius muscles.

Main Results:

  • Optical EMG successfully recorded electrophysiological data comparable to standard EMG needles.
  • Significant differences in CMAP amplitude were observed between SOD1G93A and control mice.
  • Raman spectroscopy revealed distinct molecular composition differences in muscle tissue between the groups, with spontaneous EMG activity detected only in transgenic mice.

Conclusions:

  • Optical EMG provides both standard electrophysiological and molecular Raman data from a single needle insertion.
  • This integrated approach demonstrates potential as a novel biomarker for neuromuscular disease diagnosis.
  • The technique successfully differentiated between healthy and diseased muscle in a relevant animal model.