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Applications of Diffusion-Weighted MRI to the Musculoskeletal System.

José G Raya1, Alejandra Duarte2, Nian Wang3,4

  • 1Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI
|July 21, 2023
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Summary

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) offers detailed insights into musculoskeletal tissue microstructure. This review highlights DWI

Keywords:
DWI clinical usediffusion-weighted imagingmusculoskeletalquantitative DWItechnical aspects of DWI

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) probes tissue microstructure at the micrometer scale.
  • Musculoskeletal tissues' ordered structure makes them ideal for DWI analysis.
  • Disrupted tissue organization impacts biomechanics and may signal irreversible damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review technical aspects of DWI acquisition for musculoskeletal applications.
  • To present clinical studies supporting DWI as a biomarker for various musculoskeletal tissues.
  • To overview the current clinical routine use of DWI in musculoskeletal imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of diffusion-weighting and MRI pulse sequences for DWI.
  • Discussion of different diffusion regimes for microstructure analysis.
  • Compilation of clinical studies across diverse musculoskeletal tissues.

Main Results:

  • DTI of the growth plate predicts child growth.
  • DTI of articular cartilage may predict osteoarthritis progression.
  • DWI of bone marrow aids in diagnosing vertebral fractures and bone metastases.

Conclusions:

  • DWI is a valuable tool for assessing musculoskeletal tissue microstructure.
  • DTI shows promise for early detection of degeneration and pathology in various tissues.
  • DWI applications are expanding in clinical routine for musculoskeletal conditions.