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Upsampling

Upsampling

Managing signal sampling rates is essential in digital signal processing to maintain signal integrity. A decimated signal, characterized by a reduced frequency range due to its lower sampling rate, can be upsampled by inserting zeros between each sample. This upsampling process expands the original spectrum and introduces repeated spectral replicas at intervals dictated by the new Nyquist frequency. To refine this zero-inserted sequence, it is passed through a lowpass filter with a cutoff...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 22, 2025

Blood Flow Imaging with Ultrafast Doppler

Blood Flow Imaging with Ultrafast Doppler

Published on: October 14, 2020

Improved Ultrafast Power Doppler Imaging Using United Spatial-Angular Adaptive Scaling Wiener Postfilter.

Yadan Wang, Lijie Huang, Rui Wang

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control

|July 21, 2023

Summary

This study introduces a novel adaptive beamformer, the united spatial-angular adaptive scaling Wiener (uSA-ASW) postfilter, to enhance ultrafast power Doppler imaging (uPDI). The uSA-ASW significantly improves microvascular visualization by boosting resolution and contrast while suppressing noise.

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Last Updated: Jul 22, 2025

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Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Ultrasound Technology
Signal Processing

Background:

Ultrafast power Doppler imaging (uPDI) offers high Doppler sensitivity for microvascular visualization.
However, unfocused plane-wave transmission in uPDI leads to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and poor image quality due to noise and clutter interference.
Adaptive beamforming techniques are crucial for enhancing image quality by suppressing noise and clutter.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and evaluate a novel adaptive beamformer, the united spatial-angular adaptive scaling Wiener (uSA-ASW) postfilter.
To improve the resolution, contrast, and overall image quality of ultrafast power Doppler imaging (uPDI).
To effectively suppress noise and clutter in microvascular imaging.

Main Methods:

Development of a united spatial-angular adaptive scaling Wiener (uSA-ASW) postfilter.
Estimation of signal and noise power by uniting spatial and angular signals within the Wiener postfilter.
Introduction of a united generalized coherence factor (uGCF) for dynamic noise power adjustment and enhanced robustness.
Validation using simulation and in vivo data (contrast-free human neonatal brain and liver).

Main Results:

The uSA-ASW method demonstrated superior performance compared to conventional methods like DAS, CF, SACF, and ASW.
In simulations, uSA-ASW improved contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) by 34.7 dB (117.3%) and reduced background noise power (BNP) by 52 dB (221.4%) versus DAS.
In vivo experiments showed significant reductions in full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) and BNP, alongside substantial CNR improvements, effectively enhancing microvascular visualization.

Conclusions:

The proposed uSA-ASW postfilter effectively enhances resolution and contrast in uPDI.
It achieves superior noise and clutter suppression, leading to improved microvascular visualization.
The uSA-ASW method shows significant potential as a reliable microvascular imaging technique for clinical diagnosis of vascular diseases.