Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor for Bladder Marker Human Complement Factor H-Related Protein...

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Analytical Chemistry
• Oncology

Background:

• Early detection of bladder cancer is crucial for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes.
• Current diagnostic methods can be invasive or lack sufficient sensitivity.
• Developing noninvasive and highly sensitive biomarkers for bladder cancer is a significant clinical need.

Purpose of the Study:

• To establish an ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for the early detection of bladder cancer.
• To detect the bladder cancer marker complement factor H-related protein (CFHR1) using a novel immunosensor.
• To provide a noninvasive and accurate diagnostic tool for bladder cancer.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of an ECL signal probe using Ru(bpy)32+-metal-organic framework (Ru-MOF) nanospheres, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and an antibody (Ab2).
• Development of a DNA tetrahedral (TDN) probe immobilized with an antibody (Ab1) as the capture probe on the electrode.
• Utilizing immune binding between CFHR1, the capture probe, and the signal probe to generate a measurable ECL signal.

Main Results:

• The developed ECL immunosensor demonstrated ultrasensitive detection of CFHR1.
• Detection range was from 0.1 fg/mL to 10 pg/mL with a low limit of detection (0.069 fg/mL).
• The method showed acceptable accuracy in detecting CFHR1 in urine, distinguishing bladder cancer patients from healthy individuals.

Conclusions:

• The Ru-MOF and TDN-based ECL immunosensor offers a novel, noninvasive, and accurate approach for bladder cancer diagnosis.
• This technology has the potential for early clinical diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer.
• The developed method provides a sensitive platform for detecting cancer biomarkers in biological samples.