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Related Concept Videos

Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs01:15

Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs

48
Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
48

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 22, 2025

A Novel Bioreactor for High Density Cultivation of Diverse Microbial Communities
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Simultaneous partial nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal in sequencing batch reactors via

Yahong Luo1, Kui Yi1, Xinyu Zhang1

  • 1School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Environmental Management
|July 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study optimized wastewater treatment by enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus removal in sequencing batch reactors, achieving high removal efficiencies even with limited carbon sources. Reactor R-2 demonstrated superior performance, reducing the need for external carbon addition.

Keywords:
Aerobic denitrificationAmmonium-oxidizing bacteriaEndogenous denitrificationLow carbon/nitrogen wastewaterPartial nitrificationPhosphorus-accumulating organisms

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Wastewater Treatment
  • Microbial Ecology

Background:

  • Simultaneous biological treatment of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in wastewater is hindered by insufficient effluent carbon sources.
  • Low C/N ratios (≤4) present a significant challenge for effective nutrient removal in conventional systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of different partial nitrification start-up strategies in anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactors (R-1 and R-2) for low C/N wastewater.
  • To evaluate the impact of controlled reduced aeration and decreased sludge retention time on nutrient removal efficiencies.
  • To compare the performance of two reactors under varying operational conditions for enhanced nutrient removal and reduced carbon demand.

Main Methods:

  • Two parallel anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactors (R-1 and R-2) were operated with low C/N wastewater.
  • Different partial nitrification start-up strategies were employed, alongside controlled reduced aeration and decreased sludge retention time.
  • Advanced analytical techniques were used to measure removal efficiencies of NH4+-N, total nitrogen (TN), PO43--P, and CODintra, and to characterize microbial structures and nutrient removal pathways.

Main Results:

  • Both reactors achieved advanced removal efficiencies: NH4+-N (≥96%), TN (≥86%), PO43--P (≥95%), and CODintra (≥91%).
  • Reactor R-2, with a thorough elimination of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, exhibited higher nitrite accumulation (nearly 100%) and superior TN (121.1 ± 0.7 mg TN/g VSS·d) and P (12.5 ± 0.6 mg PO43--P/g VSS·d) removal loadings.
  • Distinct microbial communities and nutrient removal pathways were identified: R-1 utilized denitrifying glycogen-accumulating organisms and PAOs via partial nitrification-endogenous denitrification; R-2 employed aerobic denitrifying bacteria and PAOs via partial nitrification-aerobic denitrification.

Conclusions:

  • The optimized partial nitrification strategies, controlled aeration, and sludge retention time effectively enhanced simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal from low C/N wastewater.
  • Reactor R-2 demonstrated superior performance in terms of nutrient removal loadings and nitrite accumulation, indicating a more efficient process.
  • The findings suggest that the R-2 approach offers greater efficiency, convenience, and potential for reducing external carbon-source demand in wastewater treatment.