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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
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Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...
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Advances in progesterone delivery systems: Still work in progress?

Nikhil Patil1, Ronak Maheshwari1, Sarika Wairkar1

  • 1Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|July 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Progesterone, a vital hormone, faces delivery challenges due to poor solubility and metabolism. Advanced delivery systems like nanocarriers offer solutions for effective progesterone therapy.

Keywords:
ContraceptiveDelivery constraintsNovel delivery systemsPharmacokinetic parametersProgesterone

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Progesterone is a critical steroidal sex hormone regulating the female reproductive system.
  • It plays a key role in ovulation, endometrium transformation, and pregnancy maintenance.
  • Conventional progesterone formulations exhibit limitations including low solubility, poor permeability, and extensive first-pass metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of progesterone.
  • To identify the constraints associated with conventional progesterone delivery.
  • To explore advanced progesterone delivery systems for improved therapeutic outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of research papers and patents on progesterone delivery systems.
  • Analysis of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters of progesterone.
  • Evaluation of various novel formulation strategies.

Main Results:

  • Progesterone's therapeutic efficacy is hindered by its physicochemical properties and metabolic pathways.
  • Novel delivery systems, including lipid carriers, polymeric carriers, hydrogels, and nanocarriers, show promise in overcoming these limitations.
  • Controlled-release and depot systems offer potential for sustained progesterone availability.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced drug delivery systems are crucial for enhancing progesterone's bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.
  • Further research and clinical studies are needed to optimize and validate these novel progesterone formulations.
  • These innovative systems hold significant potential for managing various gynecological conditions and supporting pregnancy.