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Pathological gambling was described as a disease in the 16th century, with cognitive and biological factors identified. Early treatments focused on changing gambler beliefs, showing addiction

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Area of Science:

  • History of Medicine
  • Addiction Studies
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Pascasius Justus Turq's 1561 monograph on pathological gambling is a significant historical text.
  • No modern language translations existed until 2014 (French).
  • This paper analyzes the monograph's content and historical significance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the key content elements of Turq's 1561 monograph.
  • To determine the monograph's place in the history of addiction concepts.
  • To highlight the early articulation of a disease model for gambling.

Main Methods:

  • Contextual analysis of the late Italian Renaissance.
  • Examination of key excerpts from Turq's monograph.
  • Commentaries on the significance and meaning of the text.

Main Results:

  • Turq's monograph presented a disease view of gambling, identifying cognitive and biological factors.
  • It avoided moralistic judgments and proposed cognitive treatments.
  • The study demonstrates a 16th-century 'disease formulation' of addiction.

Conclusions:

  • Addictive disorders have exhibited contemporary clinical features for centuries.
  • The early conceptualization of addiction as a disease is evident in 16th-century writings.
  • Turq's work provides historical context for modern addiction research.