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Modulation of innate lymphoid cells by enteric bacterial pathogens.

Prakash Sah1, Lauren A Zenewicz1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.

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|July 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) regulate gut immunity. Pathogenic bacteria can manipulate these immune cells, impacting infection outcomes and potentially hindering beneficial microbes. Understanding this interaction is key for new therapies.

Keywords:
GI tractIL-22ILCsbacteriainnate lymphoid cellsmodulation of immune response

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are crucial for maintaining tissue balance, controlling inflammation, and defending against infections.
  • Enriched at barrier sites like the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, ILCs are vital for host defense against pathogens.
  • Pathogenic bacteria possess mechanisms to interfere with and manipulate host immune responses, often to their advantage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the role of non-cytotoxic ILCs in enteric bacterial infections.
  • To explore how enteric pathogens modulate host immune responses, particularly involving ILCs.
  • To discuss the implications of these host-pathogen interactions for developing novel anti-infective therapies.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current research on ILCs and enteric bacterial infections.
  • It examines studies investigating bacterial virulence factors and toxins that affect immune cells.
  • The review analyzes the impact of pathogen-mediated immune modulation on host defense and microbiota.

Main Results:

  • Non-cytotoxic ILCs play a significant role in the immune response to enteric bacterial infections.
  • Enteric pathogens actively modulate ILC function and phenotype to evade immune detection or promote infection.
  • Bacterial virulence factors and toxins are identified as key mediators of immune evasion strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the intricate interplay between enteric pathogens and ILCs is essential for comprehending infection dynamics.
  • Pathogen-induced modulation of ILCs presents both challenges and opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
  • Targeting these pathogen-host immune interactions could lead to innovative strategies for combating bacterial infections.