Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Pituitary Gland01:17

The Pituitary Gland

6.9K
The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
6.9K
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

503
Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
503
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

303
Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
303
Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

81
Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
81
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

3.7K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
3.7K
Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

6.8K
The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
6.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ictal phase-amplitude coupling supports surgical decision-making in MRI-negative epilepsy with non-localizing SEEG: an illustrative case.

Acta neurochirurgica·2026
Same author

Longitudinal changes in developmental trajectory following early hemispherotomy in early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.

Epilepsy & behavior reports·2026
Same author

Validation of automated image-guided programming in STN-DBS for Parkinson's disease.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2026
Same author

Airborne particle dynamics during draping of a surgical microscope versus an exoscope in spinal surgery: A prospective comparative study.

Surgical neurology international·2026
Same author

Propagation concordance index reflects spatial proximity to the spike generator by linking interictal spikes with stimulation-induced neural propagation.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

A Rare Case of Both Migraine Without Aura and Typical Aura Without Headache in the Absence of Typical Aura With Headache.

Clinical case reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 22, 2025

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

18.9K

Exploring endocrinological pitfalls in pituitary surgery in the elderly.

Shinichiro Teramoto1,2, Shigeyuki Tahara1, Izumi Fukuda3

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.

Heliyon
|July 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery in elderly patients shows differences in thyroid function. Late elderly patients require specific assessment of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretory capacity using TRH tests.

More Related Videos

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection
02:22

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection

Published on: April 12, 2024

385
Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability
09:11

Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability

Published on: February 23, 2016

21.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 22, 2025

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

18.9K
Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection
02:22

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection

Published on: April 12, 2024

385
Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability
09:11

Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability

Published on: February 23, 2016

21.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Endocrinology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS) is increasingly common in elderly individuals.
  • Pituitary surgery in the elderly presents unique endocrinological challenges.
  • This study specifically investigates these challenges in older patient populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare endocrinological outcomes in early versus late elderly patients undergoing ETSS for non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA).
  • To identify potential pitfalls in assessing anterior pituitary function in the elderly post-surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 99 elderly patients (≥65 years) with NFPA who underwent ETSS.
  • Patients were divided into early (65-74 years) and late (≥75 years) elderly groups.
  • Comparison of baseline characteristics and anterior pituitary function, including preoperative and postoperative thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) tests.

Main Results:

  • A significant difference in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) response was observed between the early and late elderly groups.
  • Preoperative free triiodothyronine (T3) levels correlated with TSH response in early elderly patients.
  • In late elderly patients, preoperative free T3 levels were significantly lower, irrespective of TSH response.

Conclusions:

  • Early elderly patients with NFPA may have normal TSH secretory capacity if preoperative free T3 levels are normal.
  • TSH secretory capacity in late elderly patients requires careful assessment using TRH tests due to altered T3 levels.