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Ante-, Peri-, and Neonatal Factors Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Vietnam: A Population-Based
Le Thi Vui1, Duong Minh Duc1, Chu Thi Thuy Quynh1
1Department of Population and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Insights
This study identified nine risk factors for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) in Vietnamese children aged 18-30 months, including antenatal, perinatal, and neonatal conditions. Early identification of these factors is crucial for timely intervention and improved outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Public Health
Background:
- Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) present a significant public health challenge globally.
- Limited epidemiological data exists for ASDs in Vietnam, particularly concerning risk factors.
- Understanding regional-specific factors is essential for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify antenatal, perinatal, and neonatal risk factors associated with ASDs in Vietnamese children.
- To establish the prevalence of ASDs in a large cohort of young children in Vietnam.
- To inform early diagnosis and intervention strategies.
Main Methods:
- A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in 21 districts across seven Vietnamese cities/provinces (2017-2018).
- A total of 42,551 children aged 18-30 months were screened using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT).
- Diagnostic confirmation of ASDs was performed using DSM-IV criteria, with univariate and binary logistic regression analyses employed.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of ASDs was found to be 75.8 per 10,000 individuals among children aged 18-30 months.
- Nine significant risk factors were identified: five antenatal (e.g., miscarriage history, assisted reproduction, maternal infections/illnesses, gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, maternal stress), one perinatal (mode of delivery), and three neonatal (jaundice, respiratory distress, seizures).
Conclusions:
- This large-scale survey is the first in Vietnam to confirm several prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors linked to ASDs.
- Findings underscore the importance of focusing on identified risk factors for early ASD diagnosis and intervention.
- Targeted interventions based on these factors can potentially improve functional outcomes for at-risk children.
Background:
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are common behavioral syndromes but limited critical evidence in Vietnam. This study aimed to identify ante-, peri- and neonatal factors for ASDs amongst children in Vietnam.
Methods:
This population-based study applied the cross-sectional design with a multistage sampling in 21 urban and rural districts in seven cities/provinces in Vietnam during 2017-2018. Overall, 42,551 children age 18 to 30 months were enrolled in the study. Two phases of assessment using Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) for screening and diagnostic assessment using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria for confirmation. We employed univariate and binary logistic regression to identify.
Results:
Our study showed a fast-growing trend of ASDs amongst children age 18 and 30 months (75.8 per 10,000 individuals). Nine ante-, peri-, and neonatal factors were associated with ASDs: five factors of antenatal period (history of miscarriage/abortion or stillbirth, children conceived by assisted reproduction technologies, having cold, flu or acquiring virus during pregnancy, having gestational diabetes, toxemia, high blood pressure or pre-eclampsia during pregnancy, and having stress or mental disorders during pregnancy); one factors of perinatal period (mode of delivery); and three factors of neonatal period (jaundice, respiratory distress, and newborn seizures).
Conclusion:
This first large-scale survey in Vietnam confirms some prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors with ASDs amongst children age 18 and 30 months. Future interventions should focus on these factors to early diagnosis and intervention to improve functional outcomes for risky children.
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