Synaptic actions of cutaneous A delta and C fibers on primate hindlimb alpha-motoneurons

Postsynaptic potentials evoked in hindlimb alpha-motoneurons by stimulation of a cutaneous nerve (sural) with finely graded stimulus strengths were analyzed in the primate, monitoring the spinal cord potentials and afferent nerve volleys in the sural nerve. It was observed that activities in A alpha beta, A delta and C fibers of the cutaneous nerve elicited characteristic excitatory and/or inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs and/or IPSPs) with different latencies and durations in extensor and flexor motoneurons. Volleys in A delta fibers of the cutaneous nerve produced EPSPs in 57% of flexor and 31% of extensor motoneurons tested, whereas IPSPs were produced by A delta volleys in 41% of flexor and 62% of extensor motoneurons. EPSPs with longer latencies and longer durations were evoked by cutaneous C fiber volleys in 55% of flexor and 34% of extensor motoneurons, whereas IPSPs due to C volleys were recorded in 9% of flexor and 14% of extensor motoneurons. A alpha beta and A delta volleys caused motoneurons to fire in several instances, and some motoneurons discharged repetitively during the depolarizations evoked by activities in C fibers of the nerve. Central latency for transmission in interneuronal chains in the spinal cord was estimated from the onset of the cord potential (N3 wave) to the onset of the postsynaptic potential evoked by A delta volleys. Ranges of central latencies of the EPSPs and IPSPs evoked by A delta volleys were 2.0-7.0 ms and 3.5-8.5 ms, respectively. It is postulated that there may be at least two interneurons interposed in the excitatory reflex pathway from A delta afferent fibers to motoneurons and the A delta inhibitory pathway may involve longer interneuronal chains. In a few motoneurons, however, sural volleys with strengths sufficient to activate A delta fibers produced EPSPs with a central latency of about 1 ms, suggesting activation of a disynaptic segmental pathway with one interposed interneuron. Stimulation of the sural nerve with strengths sufficient to activate cutaneous C fibers produced slow negative cord dorsum potentials with long latencies. It is proposed that primate motoneurons, which show characteristic postsynaptic potentials evoked by cutaneous A delta and C fiber volleys, may provide a suitable model for analyzing the role of high threshold cutaneous afferent fibers not only in the flexor withdrawal reflex but also in motor control functions.