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Measuring Dyspraxia in Autism using a Five-Minute Praxis Exam.

Ashley de Marchena1,2, Casey J Zampella2, Zachary Dravis2

  • 1Drexel University; AJ Drexel Autism Institute.

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Summary

A brief, 5-minute praxis assessment effectively identifies motor skill difficulties in youth with autism spectrum disorder (autism). This short measure is sensitive to differences, making praxis evaluation more feasible in clinical and research settings.

Keywords:
Adaptive Behavior SkillsAutism Spectrum DisorderImitationMotor SkillsNonverbal CommunicationPraxis

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Motor Control and Learning

Background:

  • Difficulties with praxis (skilled motor movements) are common in autism spectrum disorder (autism).
  • Current praxis assessments are time-consuming, limiting routine inclusion in autism characterization.
  • A brief measure is needed to assess dyspraxia in autism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if a brief, 5-minute praxis battery can accurately capture motor skill deficits in autistic youth.
  • To assess the feasibility of incorporating praxis assessment into autism diagnostic and research protocols.

Main Methods:

  • A 19-item, 5-minute praxis battery was administered to 41 autistic youth and 32 typically developing controls (ages 8-16).
  • The battery included subtests on gesture, tool use, and imitation (familiar and meaningless).
  • Video recordings were analyzed for error types and compared with participant characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Autistic youth exhibited significantly more praxis errors than controls, consistent with findings from longer assessments.
  • Both groups showed similar patterns of error types, indicating dyspraxia in autism is not specific to one error category.
  • In autistic youth, praxis performance correlated with adaptive functioning but not autism traits.

Conclusions:

  • A shortened praxis battery is sensitive enough to detect motor skill differences in autism.
  • This brief assessment increases the practicality of including praxis in clinical evaluations and research.
  • Praxis assessment can aid in understanding relationships between motor skills and other developmental outcomes in autism.