Scrub Typhus and Dengue Co-infection in an Adolescent Girl: A Diagnostic Challenge

Scrub typhus and dengue fever are common infectious diseases in tropical regions, and both have overlapping clinico-epidemiological and laboratory features, which often pose a diagnostic challenge. This case report discusses a 15-year-old girl from the Indian subcontinent who presented with acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) without typical features of any of the common tropical infections. She was diagnosed with co-infection of scrub typhus and dengue fever using laboratory tests with good diagnostic accuracy. The patient was managed on an ambulatory basis, treated with oral doxycycline, and showed symptomatic improvement within 48 hours. Co-infections in endemic areas present a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. This case report highlights the importance of considering co-infections in the differential diagnosis of AUFI, especially during the post-monsoon period, and the use of highly sensitive and specific tests for the diagnosis of co-infections.