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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 22, 2025

Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation
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Remote Recurrent Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Auto-Transplanted Tissue.

Melisa Esposito1, Thomas Koroscil2

  • 1Internal Medicine, Kettering Health Network, Dayton, USA.

Cureus
|July 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recurrent hyperparathyroidism can develop in transplanted parathyroid tissue years after surgery in patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A). Vigilant surveillance is crucial for early detection and management of this rare complication.

Keywords:
auto-transplantationhypercalcemiamedullary thyroid carcinomamen2aosteopeniaparathyroid hyperplasiaparathyroidectomypheochromocytomaprimary hyperparathyroidismrecurrent primary hyperparathyroidism

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) is a rare genetic disorder associated with medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma, and primary hyperparathyroidism.
  • Surgical management of hyperparathyroidism in MEN2A often involves parathyroidectomy with auto-transplantation of remnant tissue to prevent hypocalcemia.
  • Recurrence of hyperparathyroidism in auto-transplanted parathyroid tissue is a rare but recognized complication.

Observation:

  • A 51-year-old male with MEN2A presented with asymptomatic hypercalcemia 18 years after total parathyroidectomy with auto-transplantation of parathyroid tissue to his arm.
  • Laboratory tests revealed elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels.
  • Ultrasound of the left arm identified enlarged parathyroid tissue at the auto-transplantation site.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism originating from the auto-transplanted parathyroid tissue.
  • A re-do parathyroidectomy of the transplanted tissue confirmed parathyroid hyperplasia.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of long-term, vigilant surveillance for hyperparathyroidism recurrence in MEN2A patients with parathyroid auto-transplantation.
  • Even decades after initial treatment, auto-transplanted parathyroid tissue can develop hyperplasia and cause recurrent hyperparathyroidism.
  • The findings emphasize the need for ongoing monitoring in patients with a history of MEN2A and parathyroid auto-transplantation.