Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome: A Case in an Adult With Controlled Lymphoma and a Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Infectious Diseases
• Oncology

Background:

• Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) is a rare but serious complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection, primarily reported in children.
• While less common, MIS in adults is increasingly recognized, presenting diagnostic challenges and high mortality rates.
• Standardized treatment protocols for MIS are still lacking, necessitating case-based evidence.

Observation:

• A 60-year-old male with a history of follicular lymphoma, treated with obinutuzumab, presented with unexplained fever following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
• During hospitalization, the patient developed pancytopenia and general clinical deterioration, indicative of a severe systemic inflammatory process.
• The clinical presentation was complex due to the patient's underlying malignancy and prior treatment.

Findings:

• The patient was diagnosed with MIS, a condition characterized by widespread inflammation affecting multiple organ systems.
• Prompt administration of intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids led to a significant clinical improvement.
• This case demonstrates the successful management of MIS in an immunocompromised adult patient.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of considering MIS in adults, particularly those with underlying conditions or recent infections.
• The successful treatment highlights the potential efficacy of immunoglobulin and steroid therapy in managing severe MIS cases.
• Further research is needed to elucidate the pathophysiology of MIS in adults and optimize treatment strategies.