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Published on: January 28, 2020
Inflammation biomarkers are associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis
Yifei Liu1,2, Suzhen Guan1,2, Haiming Xu1,2
1School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
Insights
High levels of fibrinogen, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and galectin-3 are linked to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. These inflammation markers can help predict CVD development.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Science
- Cardiovascular Research
- Inflammation Biology
Background:
- Inflammation is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
- Specific inflammatory markers may predict CVD incidence.
- This study investigates key inflammation markers and their association with CVD risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the association between fibrinogen (FIB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and galectin-3 (Gal-3) and cardiovascular disease risk.
- To conduct a meta-analysis of observational studies examining these inflammation biomarkers and CVD.
- To explore heterogeneity and publication bias in the identified literature.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science.
- A random-effects model was employed for meta-analysis, with a fixed-effects model for galectin-3 due to low heterogeneity.
- Subgroup analysis and metaregression were used to explore heterogeneity, and sensitivity analysis was performed.
Main Results:
- Thirty-three papers were included from 11,456 initially screened.
- Fibrinogen (FIB), IL-6, CRP, and Gal-3 were all significantly associated with the development of CVD.
- Odds ratios and hazard ratios indicated increased CVD risk with elevated levels of these biomarkers.
Conclusions:
- Elevated levels of FIB, IL-6, CRP, and Gal-3 are confirmed risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
- These inflammation biomarkers demonstrate potential utility in predicting the development of CVD.
- Further research may refine the predictive value of these markers in diverse populations.
Background:
Inflammation is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and particular inflammatory parameters can be used to predict the incidence of CVD. The aim of this study was to assess the association between fibrinogen (FIB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) and the risk of cardiovascular disease using meta-analysis.
Methods:
PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched with the appropriate strategies to identify observational studies relevant to this meta-analysis. A random-effects model was used to combine inflammation factor-associated outcomes and cardiovascular disease outcomes, except in the case of galectin-3, where a fixed-effects model was used because of less heterogeneity. Location, age, type of cardiovascular disease, and sample size factors were used to explore heterogeneity in stratification and metaregression for subgroup analysis. A case-by-case literature exclusion approach was used for sensitivity analysis. The funnel plot and Begg's test were combined to assess publication bias.
Results:
Thirty-three papers out of 11,456 were screened for inclusion in the analysis. Four inflammation biomarkers were significantly associated with the development of CVD: FIB (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.15-1.27, P < 0.001; HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00-1.07, P < 0.05), IL-6 (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.10-1.22, P < 0.001), CRP (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.15-1.35, P < 0.001; HR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.14-1.25, P < 0.001) and Gal-3 (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05-1.14, P < 0.001). Location factors help explain the source of heterogeneity, and there is publication bias in the Gal-3 related literature.
Conclusion:
Taken together, the current research evidence suggests that high levels of fibrinogen, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and galectin-3 are risk factors for cardiovascular disease and can be used as biomarkers to predict the development of cardiovascular disease to some extent.
Systematic Review Registration:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42023391844.
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