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Rechargeable Solid-State Na-Metal Battery Operating at -20 °C.

Haibo Jin1,2, Xiong Xiao1, Lai Chen2

  • 1Beijing Institute of Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing, 100081, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|July 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a solid-state sodium-metal battery (SSNMB) that operates effectively in freezing temperatures. The new battery design utilizes a NASICON solid electrolyte for stable sodium-metal anode performance across a wide temperature range.

Keywords:
NASICON-type solid electrolyteNa-metal batteriesinterfacial resistancelow-temperature operation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Solid-state sodium-metal batteries (SSNMBs) face challenges with sodium-metal anode stability, particularly at low temperatures.
  • Existing inorganic solid electrolytes (SEs) struggle to maintain performance under freezing conditions, limiting battery applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rechargeable SSNMB capable of stable operation across a broad temperature range, including sub-zero temperatures.
  • To address the interfacial resistance issues between the sodium-metal anode and the solid electrolyte at low temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a NASICON-type solid electrolyte for the SSNMB.
  • Investigated the interfacial resistance at the Na metal/SE interface from -20 to 45 °C.
  • Performed long-term Na-metal plating/stripping cycling at -20 °C.
  • Employed a Na3V1.5Al0.5(PO4)3 cathode in the full battery system.

Main Results:

  • Achieved stable SSNMB operation from -20 to 45 °C.
  • Maintained low interfacial resistance (0.4 Ω cm² at 45 °C, <110 Ω cm² at -20 °C).
  • Demonstrated over 2000 hours of stable Na-metal cycling at -20 °C with minimal polarization.
  • Observed formation of a uniform Na3-xCaxPO4 interphase layer enhancing interfacial stability.
  • Full battery showed 80 mAh g⁻¹ capacity at -20 °C and retained 108 mAh g⁻¹ at 0 °C.

Conclusions:

  • The NASICON-based SSNMB demonstrates exceptional low-temperature performance and anode stability.
  • The developed interphase layer is crucial for the wide-temperature operational capability.
  • This work significantly expands the operating temperature range for SSNMBs, enabling all-season applications.