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Related Concept Videos

Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

2.5K
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Cardiac Action Potential01:30

Cardiac Action Potential

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Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials
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Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

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Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
644
ECG Interpretation of Rhythms01:24

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

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An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage....
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Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

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The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
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Related Experiment Video

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Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice
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Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice

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Ventricular Electrograms Duration Map to Detect Ventricular Arrhythmia Substrate: the VEDUM Project Study.

Pietro Rossi1, Filippo Maria Cauti1, Marta Niscola2

  • 1Arrhythmology Unit, Ospedale Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina-Gemelli Isola, Rome, Italy (P.R., F.M.C., M.M., M.P., S.C., S.B.).

Circulation. Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
|July 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ventricular electrograms duration mapping (VEDUM) identifies slow, inhomogeneous activation areas in ventricular tachycardia (VT) patients. These VEDUM areas are crucial targets for VT ablation, especially in those with multiple VT morphologies.

Keywords:
cardiomyopathiescatheter ablationsudden cardiac deathventricular tachycardia

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Area of Science:

  • Electrophysiology
  • Cardiac Arrhythmias
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Analyzing ventricular tachycardia (VT) wave-front activation patterns is key for understanding and treating the condition.
  • Ventricular electrograms duration map (VEDUM) is a novel method to detect areas of slow and inhomogeneous activation.
  • Limited data exists on VEDUM areas' characteristics and arrhythmogenic role during sinus/paced rhythm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize VEDUM areas identified during sinus/paced rhythm.
  • To evaluate the arrhythmogenic role of VEDUM areas in patients undergoing VT ablation.
  • To assess the utility of VEDUM in identifying targets for VT ablation.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-two patients undergoing VT ablation were enrolled across three centers.
  • VEDUM maps were created during sinus/paced rhythm, alongside substrate and functional maps.
  • Activation mapping was performed for all hemodynamically tolerated VT episodes.

Main Results:

  • The mean VEDUM area size was 12.1 cm²; electrogram duration was significantly longer (163.7 ms) compared to normal tissue (65.5 ms).
  • VEDUM areas corresponded to dense scar in 59.4% of patients, with deceleration zones and late potentials observed frequently.
  • VT isthmuses were located within VEDUM areas in 93.5% of patients, including all isthmuses for multiple VT morphologies in 87.5%.

Conclusions:

  • VEDUM maps effectively identify discrete areas of slow and inhomogeneous conduction.
  • These VEDUM areas are promising targets for VT ablation.
  • The VEDUM approach is valuable for patients with various VT morphologies.