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Highly sensitive strain sensor based on tapered few-mode fiber.

Li Li¹, Chao Jiang¹, Chuanju Hu¹

¹College of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|July 24, 2023

Summary

A novel fiber optic strain sensor demonstrates high sensitivity using a single mode fiber-few mode fiber-single mode fiber structure. This design offers excellent stress concentration for precise strain measurement in industrial applications.

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Area of Science:

Optoelectronics
Fiber Optics
Sensor Technology

Background:

Fiber optic sensors are crucial for real-time monitoring.
Existing sensors may lack the required sensitivity for certain applications.
Improving strain sensitivity in fiber optic sensing is an ongoing research area.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and experimentally validate a high-sensitivity strain sensor.
To investigate the strain sensing capabilities of a "single mode fiber (SMF)-few mode fiber (FMF)-single mode fiber (SMF)" structure.
To achieve high strain sensitivity and temperature cross-sensitivity compensation.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a sensor by splicing FMF between two SMF segments.
Utilizing a fiber optic fusion tapering machine to elongate the FMF.
Introducing tapered optical fibers to enhance evanescent wave excitation.
Employing a cascaded Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) for temperature compensation.

Main Results:

The proposed sensor achieved a high strain sensitivity of -23.9 pm/με.
The tapered FMF exhibited excellent stress concentration, leading to high sensitivity.
The cascaded FBG effectively compensated for temperature cross-sensitivity.

Conclusions:

A simple yet highly sensitive strain sensor based on SMF-FMF-SMF structure was successfully demonstrated.
The sensor's design leverages evanescent waves and stress concentration for enhanced performance.
This technology holds significant potential for industrial strain monitoring applications.