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Long COVID, the Brain, Nerves, and Cognitive Function.

Allison B Reiss1, Caitriona Greene1, Christopher Dayaramani1

  • 1Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Long Island, NY 11501, USA.

Neurology International
|July 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long COVID, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, can lead to persistent neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms affecting daily life. Research is ongoing to understand the mechanisms and find treatments for these debilitating long-term effects.

Keywords:
COVID-19brain foglong COVID syndromememoryneuroinflammationneurologic sequelaeneuron

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection causes COVID-19, with increasing reports of long-term complications.
  • Neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms are significant long-term issues, impacting daily life and public health.
  • Potential causes include systemic and central nervous system inflammation or a hypercoagulable state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spectrum of nervous system symptoms in long COVID.
  • To examine the prevalence, contributing factors, and typical course of these symptoms.
  • To explore potential therapeutic approaches for symptom alleviation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of patient reports and studies on long COVID neurological sequelae.
  • Analysis of mechanistic pathways, including inflammation and viral neuro-invasion.
  • Examination of symptom prevalence, contributing factors, and clinical course.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 can cause brain function changes with lingering symptoms like fatigue, brain fog, sensorimotor issues, and sleep disturbances.
  • Prolonged neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms are prevalent and significantly interfere with daily activities.
  • Mechanisms may involve inflammation-induced blood-brain barrier permeability or direct viral effects, though uncertain.

Conclusions:

  • Long COVID presents a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms with significant public health implications.
  • Understanding the underlying mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • While treatment options are limited, research is exploring ways to improve quality of life for affected individuals.