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Updated: Jul 22, 2025

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma
Published on: November 4, 2010
Open and Closed Triple Inhaler Therapy in Patients with Uncontrolled Asthma
Serafeim-Chrysovalantis Kotoulas1, Ioanna Tsiouprou2, Kalliopi Domvri3
1ICU, General Hospital of Thessaloniki "Hippokration", 49th Kostantinoupoleos Street, 57642 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Abstract:
Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) are a class of inhalers that has recently been included as add-on therapy in the GINA guidelines, either in a single inhaler device with inhaled corticosteroids plus long-acting β2-agonists (ICS + LABA) (closed triple inhaler therapy) or in a separate one (open triple inhaler therapy). This review summarizes the existing evidence on the addition of LAMAs in patients with persistently uncontrolled asthma despite ICS + LABA treatment based on clinical efficacy in the reduction of asthma symptoms and exacerbations, the improvement in lung function, and its safety profile.
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