Electro-physiological Changes in the Central Nervous System by Visual Evoked Potential in Diabetic Patients

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Neurology
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Rising sedentary lifestyles contribute to increased Diabetes Mellitus prevalence.
• Diabetic retinopathy causes significant vision loss, posing a public health challenge.
• Visual evoked potential (VEP) detects neuronal changes in metabolic disorders like Diabetes Mellitus.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate alterations in VEP waves among diabetic patients.
• To compare VEP parameters between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.
• To assess VEP changes across different grades of diabetic retinopathy.

Main Methods:

• Cross-sectional comparative study with 90 participants (60 diabetic, 30 controls).
• Diabetic group categorized by retinopathy severity: none, mild, moderate, severe.
• Comparison of VEP latencies and amplitudes between groups and retinopathy grades.

Main Results:

• Diabetic patients showed statistically significant P100 latency delays and amplitude reductions.
• Significant changes in P100 latency, P100 amplitude, and N75 latency were observed across retinopathy grades.
• VEP alterations correlate with the severity of diabetic retinopathy.

Conclusions:

• Statistically significant VEP changes are evident in diabetes patients.
• VEP is a valuable non-invasive tool for early detection of central nervous system neuropathy in diabetes.
• Early neuropathy detection via VEP can help prevent diabetic retinopathy progression.