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Vein Interposition Model: A Suitable Model to Study Bypass Graft Patency
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Network bypasses sustain complexity.

Ernesto Estrada1, Jesús Gómez-Gardeñes2,3, Lucas Lacasa1

  • 1Institute for Cross-Disciplinary Physics and Complex Systems, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|July 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complex networks develop "bypasses" that offer easier navigation than shortest paths. These bypasses help systems like the human brain maintain complexity and resilience.

Keywords:
communicability pathscomplex networksgeometric embedding

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Area of Science:

  • Network Science
  • Complex Systems Theory
  • Mathematical Modeling

Background:

  • Real-world networks exhibit complex topologies, deviating from regular or random structures.
  • Models like Watts-Strogatz and Barabási-Albert generate hubs and shortcuts, improving connectivity but causing navigational inefficiencies and fragility.
  • The ubiquity of complex networks suggests underlying mechanisms that balance connectivity with navigability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the entropic generation of network bypasses in complex network models.
  • To develop a mathematical theory explaining the emergence and consolidation of these bypasses.
  • To quantify the navigability gains provided by bypasses and assess their prevalence in real-world networks.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical development of a mathematical framework for network bypasses.
  • Analysis of network topology and navigational properties.
  • Application and validation of the theory across diverse real-world network datasets.

Main Results:

  • Complex network models entropically generate bypasses, which are topologically longer but more navigable than shortest paths.
  • A mathematical theory successfully elucidates the formation and stabilization of these bypasses.
  • Navigability gains were quantified, revealing varying amounts of bypasses across different real-world networks.

Conclusions:

  • Network bypasses are a key mechanism for sustaining complexity and enhancing navigability in real-world systems.
  • The human brain exhibits a high degree of complexity supported by a significant number of network bypasses.
  • Understanding network bypasses is crucial for comprehending the plasticity and resilience of complex systems.