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Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in a muscle's ability to maintain the force of contraction after prolonged activity. It primarily stems from changes within muscle fibers. Even before experiencing muscle fatigue, one may feel tired and have the urge to stop the activity. This response, known as central fatigue, occurs due to changes in the central nervous system, namely the brain and spinal cord. While there is no single mechanism that induces fatigue, it may serve as a protective...
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The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
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The thigh's motion is primarily governed by muscles originating in the pelvic girdle and inserted into the femur. One crucial muscle, the iliopsoas, is a combination of the psoas major and the iliacus muscles, sharing a common insertion point on the lesser trochanter of the femur.
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Preparing to Land: Hamstring Preactivation Is Higher in Females and Is Inhibited by Fatigue.

David Alan Phillips1,2, Bridgette Rae Buckalew2, Bridget Keough2

  • 1Program in Kinesiology, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University-Cascades, Bend, OR,USA.

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|July 25, 2023
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Summary

Female athletes show greater hamstring activation before landing, but fatigue reduces this in both sexes. This fatigue-induced reduction may increase anterior cruciate ligament injury risk.

Keywords:
drop jumpelectromyographyforce plateinjury risksex

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Neuromuscular Physiology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • The hamstring muscles are crucial for stabilizing the knee and reducing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loads.
  • ACL injuries often occur during landing, highlighting the importance of pre-landing muscle activation.
  • Understanding sex-based differences and fatigue effects on hamstring preactivation is vital for injury prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex-related differences in hamstring muscle activation prior to landing.
  • To examine the impact of lower body fatigue on this preactivation.
  • To correlate these findings with landing biomechanics and injury risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-four healthy participants (13 males, 11 females) underwent a drop-vertical jump protocol.
  • Lower body fatigue was induced using a specific protocol.
  • Hamstring electromyography (EMG), ground reaction forces, and landing error scores were measured before and after fatigue.

Main Results:

  • Females exhibited significantly higher pre-landing hamstring EMG amplitude compared to males, both before and after fatigue.
  • Fatigue led to a significant decrease in hamstring EMG amplitude in both sexes.
  • No significant differences were observed in vertical ground reaction forces, rate of loading, or landing error scoring system between sexes or conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Despite similar landing performance, males and females employ distinct hamstring neuromuscular coordination strategies.
  • The observed reduction in hamstring preactivation following fatigue may elevate the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries.
  • Sex-specific neuromuscular responses to fatigue warrant further investigation in the context of ACL injury prevention.