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Updated: Jul 21, 2025

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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Disparities in Neonatal Outcomes: Past, Present, and Our Future?

Barbara McClaskey

    Neonatal Network : NN
    |July 25, 2023
    PubMed

    Insights

    Neonatal outcomes have improved, but racial and ethnic disparities in infant mortality persist and have widened. This summary reviews trends in neonatal outcomes to address these persistent inequities.

    Area of Science:

    • Perinatology
    • Neonatal Health
    • Public Health Disparities

    Background:

    • Significant advancements in neonatal care over the past century have improved overall outcomes.
    • Persistent racial and ethnic disparities in neonatal outcomes and infant mortality rates have been observed.
    • These outcome differences have been recognized, prompting efforts to enhance care for vulnerable infants.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize trends in neonatal outcomes.
    • To highlight persistent racial and ethnic disparities in infant mortality.
    • To inform strategies for equitable neonatal care.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of historical data on neonatal outcomes.
    • Analysis of trends in infant mortality rates across racial and ethnic groups.
    • Synthesis of existing literature on disparities in neonatal care.

    Main Results:

    • Overall improvement in neonatal outcomes and infant mortality rates.
    • Widening disparities in outcomes linked to race and ethnicity.
    • Continued challenges in achieving equitable neonatal health outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite overall progress, significant racial and ethnic inequities in neonatal outcomes remain.
    • Addressing these disparities is crucial for improving infant health for all populations.
    • Further research and targeted interventions are needed to close the gap in neonatal care.

    Keywords:
    DEIdisparitiesfetal/maternalinfant mortalityneonatal outcomesquality improvement

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