Designing Selenium Nanoadjuvant as Universal Agent for Live-Killed Virus-Based Vaccine

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Immunology
• Nanotechnology in Vaccines
• Infectious Disease Prevention

Background:

• Inactivated virus vaccines are widely used but often suffer from poor immunogenicity.
• Enhancing vaccine efficacy is crucial for effective disease prevention in livestock and humans.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a universal selenium (Se) nanoadjuvant for inactivated virus vaccines.
• To improve the immunogenicity and efficacy of inactivated virus vaccines.

Main Methods:

• In-situ synthesis of Se nanoadjuvant on inactivated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).
• Evaluation of nanovaccine uptake by dendritic cells (DCs) and activation via TLR4 signaling pathways.
• Assessment of immune responses in mice and swine models, including innate and cellular immunity.

Main Results:

• The Se nanovaccine significantly enhanced the uptake and activation of DCs by triggering TLR4 signaling and regulating selenoprotein expression.
• The nanovaccine demonstrated superior activation of macrophages, natural killer cells, and T cells compared to conventional vaccines.
• Improved immune protection was observed in both mice and swine models.

Conclusions:

• Selenium nanoadjuvant is a universal and effective strategy for enhancing inactivated virus vaccines.
• This approach offers a promising platform for developing next-generation nanovaccines against various viral infections.