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Updated: Jul 21, 2025

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The associations between caffeine treatment and common preterm morbidities: a retrospective cohort analysis

Funda Yavanoglu Atay1, Hayriye Gözde Kanmaz Kutman2, Duygu Bidev3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Umraniye Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|July 26, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Caffeine prophylaxis significantly reduced apnea of prematurity in premature infants. However, it did not prevent respiratory morbidities like bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Caffeine is a commonly administered medication in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).
  • It is frequently used to manage apnea of prematurity and enhance respiratory function in preterm infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic caffeine treatment in reducing neonatal morbidities.
  • To compare outcomes between preterm infants receiving caffeine and those who did not.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort analysis of 475 premature infants (gestational age 25-32 weeks) admitted to the NICU between 2008 and 2013.
  • Comparison of infants treated with prophylactic caffeine (Group 1) against historical controls who did not receive caffeine (Group 2).
  • Recording of maternal and neonatal characteristics, and common neonatal morbidities.

Main Results:

  • Infants receiving caffeine prophylaxis showed a statistically significant reduction in apnea frequency (p < 0.01).
  • Group 2 (no caffeine) had a higher incidence of respiratory distress syndrome requiring surfactant therapy and longer respiratory support duration.
  • Rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and other common morbidities were comparable between the two groups.

Conclusions:

  • Caffeine prophylaxis is effective in decreasing apnea of prematurity in preterm infants.
  • The study did not find evidence that caffeine prevents respiratory morbidities such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Abstract

Keywords:
bronchopulmonary dysplasiacaffeinemorbiditypretermrespiratory distress

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