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Risk and protective factors related to having a child with congenital heart diseases (CHD): a case-control study in
Mostafa Amini-Rarani1, Salah Eddin Karimi2, Neda SoleimanvandiAzar3
1Health Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Insights
Low socioeconomic status, education, and substance use increase the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) in children. Folic acid and prenatal care are protective factors, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Maternal Health
Background:
- Congenital heart disease (CHD) poses a significant threat, as the heart is the first fully developed organ during early pregnancy.
- Identifying risk and preventive factors for CHD is crucial for effective management and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the multifactorial etiology of CHD by identifying associated risk and protective factors.
- To provide a scientific basis for CHD prevention and control strategies.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 600 participants, including 200 mothers of children with CHD.
- Simple random sampling was employed in 2020, with a matched control group.
- Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software with a significance level of 0.05.
Main Results:
- Identified risk factors for CHD include low socioeconomic status, low education, history of abortion, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
- Protective factors against CHD include folic acid consumption and adequate prenatal care.
Conclusions:
- Preventive strategies should emphasize maternal education on folic acid and prenatal care, alongside reducing alcohol and tobacco use.
- Public health interventions should prioritize families with low socioeconomic status and education levels to mitigate CHD risks.
Background:
The heart is the first fully developed organ in early pregnancy, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy, so any factor that contributes to heart failure is life-threatening. Thus, it is important to identify the risk and preventive factors related to this disease and to provide a scientific basis for the control, prevention, management and treatment of Child with Congenital Heart Diseases (CHD).
Objectives:
As the etiology of CHD is multifactorial, to identify the risk and preventive factors, this study aimed to investigate the factors related to CHD in Tehran, Iran.
Methods:
The present case-control study was performed on 600 people including 200 mothers of children with CHD. Simple random sampling was performed in 2020. The control group was matched with the case group, and the data were analyzed by SPSS software at a significance level of 0.5.
Results:
The results showed that low socioeconomic status, low education, history of abortion, smoking, alcohol consumption are risk factors, and consumption of folic acid, and prenatal care are the protective factors against CHD.
Conclusion:
According to the findings, our emphasis should be on preventive strategies, education of mothers and public health experts on the need for folic acid and pregnancy care, and cessation or reduction of alcohol and tobacco use, especially in families with low socioeconomic status and low level of education.
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