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Related Concept Videos

Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

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Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
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Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry01:07

Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry

4.1K
This lesson delves into the geometry of a radical, which is influenced by the electronic structure of the molecule. The principle is similar to that of a lone pair, where the unpaired electron influences the geometry at the radical center.
Accordingly, the structure of a trivalent radical lies between the geometries of carbocations and carbanions. An sp2-hybridized carbocation is trigonal planar, while an sp3-hybridized carbanion is trigonal pyramidal. Here, the difference in geometry is...
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Radical Formation: Overview01:03

Radical Formation: Overview

2.1K
A bond can be broken either by heterolytic bond cleavage to form ions or homolytic bond cleavage to yield radicals. A fishhook arrow is used to represent the motion of a single electron in homolytic bond cleavage. There are two main sources from which radicals can be formed:
Radicals from spin-paired molecules:
Radicals can be obtained from spin-paired molecules either by homolysis or electron transfer. While two radicals are formed in the former, an electron is added in the...
2.1K
Radical Reactivity: Intramolecular vs Intermolecular01:33

Radical Reactivity: Intramolecular vs Intermolecular

1.8K
Radical reactions can occur either intermolecularly or intramolecularly. In an intermolecular radical reaction, a nucleophilic radical adds to an electrophilic alkene or vice versa. In such reactions, the radical and generally the alkene, which is also called the radical trap, are two different molecules. Additionally, for such intermolecular reactions to occur, the radical trap must be active, present in an excess concentration, and the radical starting material must have a weak...
1.8K
Radical Formation: Addition00:47

Radical Formation: Addition

1.7K
Radicals can be formed by adding a radical to a spin-paired molecule. This is typically observed with unsaturated species, where the addition of a radical across the π bond leads to the production of a new radical by dissolving the π bond. For example, the addition of a Br radical to an alkene yields a carbon-centered radical.
Similar to charge conservation in chemical reactions, spin conservation is implicit for radical reactions. Accordingly, the product formed must possess an...
1.7K
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals01:17

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals

2.6K
Ideally, an unpaired electron shows a single peak in the EPR spectrum due to the transition between the two spin energy states. However, coupling interactions can occur between the spins of the unpaired electron and any neighboring spin-active nuclei. This hyperfine coupling results in hyperfine splitting, where the EPR signal is split into multiplets. The signals split into 2nI + 1 peaks, where n is the number of equivalent nuclei and I is the nuclear spin. These splitting patterns provide...
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The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
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A Dynamic Triradical: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Spin Frustration.

Xue Dong1,2, Qian-Cheng Luo3, Yu Zhao1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 26, 2023
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Researchers synthesized a dynamic triradical molecule, a novel multispin organic compound. This spin-frustrated species exhibits reversible self-assembly and dissociation, paving the way for advanced radical-based materials.

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Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
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Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Multispin organic molecules, or polyradicals, are crucial for radical-based materials due to their spin-spin interactions.
  • Dynamic covalent bonding in multispin molecules could enable advanced material functions like memory and switching.
  • The synthesis and characterization of such dynamic polyradicals remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the synthesis and characterization of a novel dynamic triradical species.
  • To investigate the self-assembly mechanism and structural properties of this multispin molecule.
  • To explore the potential applications of dynamic polyradicals in functional materials.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis via Lewis acid-coupled electron transfer leading to self-assembly.
  • Characterization using X-ray crystallography, NMR, EPR, and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy.
  • Variable-temperature studies to analyze the dynamic behavior in solution and solid states.

Main Results:

  • A dynamic triradical species was successfully synthesized and characterized.
  • The crystalline triradical exhibits spin frustration without Jahn-Teller distortion at low temperatures.
  • A reversible dissociation to diamagnetic starting material occurs in solution at high temperatures.
  • Variable-temperature spectroscopy confirmed the dynamic and reversible nature of the molecule.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents the first example of a dynamic triradical species with reversible bonding.
  • The spin-frustrated, dynamic nature of this molecule has implications for molecular magnetism.
  • This work provides a foundation for designing functional polyradicals for memory and switching devices.